Fundamental Physics, CMB and LSS in the light of Planck satellite and DES
Speakers
conformal invariance, dark energy and CMB non-gaussianity
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Latest results from AMS
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Cosmological perturbation theory at three-loop order
Cosmological perturbation theory is the standard tool to understand the formation of the large scale structure in the Universe. However, its degree of applicability is limited by the growth of the amplitude of the matter perturbations with time. This problem can be tackled with by using N-body simulations or analytical techniques that go beyond the linear calculation. In my talk, I'll summarise some recent efforts in the latter that ameliorate the bad convergence of the standard perturbative expansion. The new techniques allow better analytical control on observables (as the matter power spectrum) over scales very relevant to understand the expansion history and formation of structure in the Universe.
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Planck: Implications for the Cosmological Model
I will discuss some of the interesting highlights of the Planck 2013 Cosmology results and their implications for our understanding of the primordial universe. I will also discuss what future results one may expect from Planck and especially from other experiments, stressing in particular the search for B modes.
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The homogeneity scale in photometric surveys
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CDMS: Recent Results and Future Perspectives
I will review the basics of direct dark matter detection and summarise the recent results from the CDMS collaboration. These comprise the search for low-mass WIMPs with Silicon detectors in CDMS II and with Ge detectors in SuperCDMS at the Soudan mine. Future perspectives for SUperCDMS at SNOLAB will also be presented, as well as the theoretical predictions for some popular WIMP models.
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Non-Gaussianities and Curvature Perturbations in Hybrid Inflation
In this presentation I will review the observational status of the most well-known hybrid models: the original, F-term and D-term models. All the possible regimes will be considered, in particular the regime where more than 60 e-folds are generated during the final waterfall phase. In this case, topological defects are conveniently stretched outside the observable Universe and the observable predictions are modified. The power spectrum amplitude, the spectral index, and the level of local non-gaussianities will be given for all the considered regimes, with a particular attention to the case where entropic perturbations affect importantly the spectrum of curvature perturbations.
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The MAGIC telescope system and perspectives for CTA
The MAGIC telescopes, located on the Island of La Palma, Spain, constitute one of the main observatories for Very High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy and Cosmic Ray Physics. I will present a short overview of the MAGIC observatory and a review of physics results, with special emphasis on the newest findings obtained since the upgrade to a stereoscopic system. I will also review the status of the Cherenkov Telescope Array Project, CTA, and what can we expect about its Physics performance.
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Challenges in Dark Matter Searches with Fermi
I will review current results and will list future challenges needed to achieve them.
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Recent results from the CMS experiment at CERN
The most recent results obtained by the CMS experiment at the LHC will be presented, focussing on measurements on the Higgs boson recently discovered and the prospects on present searches.
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The JEM-EUSO Space Mission: Performances of the Energy and Xmax reconstruction of EHECR events
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The Gravitational Universe and eLISA
The messenger of gravity are gravitational waves, ripples in the fabric of spacetime that travel at the speed of light and essentially undisturbed. In the case of the low-frequency band, only accessible from space, they will allow us to peer deep into the formation of the first seed black holes, exploring redshifts as large as z ~ 20, prior to the epoch of cosmic re-ionisation. Exquisite and unprecedented measurements of black hole masses and spins will make it possible to trace the history of black holes across all stages of galaxy evolution. eLISA is an all-sky monitor and will offer a wide view of a dynamic cosmos. It will provide the closest ever view of the early processes at TeV energies, has guaranteed sources in the form of verification binaries in the Milky Way, and can probe the entire Universe, from its smallest scales around singularities and black holes, all the way to cosmological dimensions.
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Gravitational Waves from Cosmic Defects: A Universal Result
We will show that a scale-invariant background of gravitational waves is always generated during the evolution of a network of cosmic defects in scaling regime. This is a universal result, independent of the nature of the defects (local or global, domain walls, strings, monopoles, textures, etc), and independent of the type of phase transition (1st order, 2nd order, cross-over) at which the defects are created. It is just a consequence of scaling, which ultimately is due to the microphysics and causality. If there is enough time, we might also discuss about Non-Gaussianity from cosmic defects.
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Inflation after Planck 2013 results
We will describe the cosmological implications from the Planck 2013 release of the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies measured in the nominal mission. Planck measures accurately the deviations from a scale invariant spectrum at high confidence level and establish a new upper bound to the amplitude of gravitational waves. Planck does not find statistical evidence for a non-zero running of the spectral index or for non-gaussianities, favoring simple inflationary models with a locally concave potential. Planck data constrain with unprecedented accuracy the amplitude and possible correlation of non-decaying isocurvature fluctuations. Models including isocurvature perturbations and other extensions to the standard inflationary scenario can provide a theoretical framework to interpret some of the anomalies on large angular scales.
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The International Axion Observatory IAXO
Axion helioscopes aim at the direct detection at the Earth of the flux of axions produced in the solar core. The CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) is currently the most powerful implementation of the concept and the largest and most cited initiative in axion experimentation. After one decade of operation CAST has given the strongest bounds on the axion-photon coupling over a large range of axion masses. Very recently we have submitted a Letter of Intent to CERN for a new generation axion helioscope: the International Axion Observatory (IAXO). I will review the current overall situation on axion searches, especially the last results of CAST. I will present the physics cases of IAXO and the motivation to carry out such project in the wider context of dark matter searches.
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Quijote: a CMB polarization experiment
The QUIJOTE (Q-U-I JOint TEnerife) Experiment is designed to perform high sensitivity measurements of the polarization of the CMB and relevant foregrounds in the frequency range 10-40 GHz. The project consists of two telescopes and three instruments which will explore a large sky area (5000 sq deg) from Teide Observatory (Tenerife). The Multi-Frequency Instrument (MFI) is performing routine observations of selected sky areas at 10-20 GHz since November 2012. The second telescope and two additional instruments at 30 and 40 GHz are currently under construction. In this talk I will present maps obtained with the MFI during the first year of operation of this experiment, in different sky regions dominated by synchrotron and anomalous microwave emissions, and will describe the potential of Quijote to correct for foregrounds and to set constraints on the tensor to scalar ratio at a level r~0.05.
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Latest results from Double Chooz and Daya Bay
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Post-Planck Cosmology
Planck is a third-generation space mission to map the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background Earlier this year, the first cosmology results of the mission were released. In my talk, I will review the findings of Planck, focussing on the compatibility with other cosmological measurements, and discuss the implications on our understanding of the Universe.
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Nuetrino Telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea
The ANTARES neutrino telescope is located at 2500 m below sea level, 40 km offshore near Toulon, France. It has been taking data since 2007. A summary of the results thus far obtained will be given in this contribution. Its successor, KM3NeT, will be a distributed, multi-km neutrino telescope. Its first phase has been recently approved and funding for its construction secured. The status and physics prospects of this detector will be reviewed.
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Cosmic-rays and Dark-Matter: insights with the HESS instruments
The origin of cosmic-rays and the nature of Dark matter particle(s) are the main pillars of the science programme carried out with the H.E.S.S. telescopes. Some of the results obtained with the system of four telescopes will be reviewed. The potential reach in energy and sensitivity of the extension of the HESS array by the fifth and largest telescope will be discussed.
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CMB as a probe of DM properties
I am going to summarize the results obtained over the last years by several groups on how it is possible to use CMB observations to constrain DM mass and annihilation cross section. The peculiar characteristics of the imprint left by DM annihilation on CMB power spectra make it indipendent on uncertainties typically associated to structures which plague local astrophysics observables. In light of PLANCK polarization data release, CMB is one of the most powerful indirect detection tools.
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Non-SUSY Dark Matter, baryogenesis and unification
Dark Matter direct detection and collider constraints experiments are reaching a sensitivity to rule out (or find) most of the thermal WIMP candidates. With no SUSY signal found, non-SUSY models are becoming ever more interesting. I will discuss two DM-models. First is a scalar singlet model where the scalar DM interacts with the SM only through the higgs boson (higgs portal). Model can also give rise to the baryon asymmetry, but only with a sub-leading DM component. At small region of parameters 56GeV < m < 62.5GeV, the singlet can be the dominant DM and evade all foreseeable constraints. Other model is motivated by (minimal walking) technicolor and coupling constant unification. This model can provide DM over a wide region of parameters, some of which will escape detection even by XENON1t. However, the model predicts an oblique parameter S > 0.1, and so may be verified or ruled out by improved precision electroweak data.
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The Kilo-degree survey: status
The KiDS survey is a 1500-sq.deg. wide-field imaging survey, specifically designed with weak lensing tomography in mind. We have recently reached the milestone of completing 200 square degrees in the four survey bands (u,g,r,i) to full depth. While the lensing analysis is ongoing, first results are encouraging and show that the data are of high quality.
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Exponential hierachy of scales and cosmology
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Sterile neutrino oscillations: the global picture
Neutrino oscillations involving eV-scale neutrino mass states are investigated in the context of global neutrino oscillation data including short and long-baseline accelerator, reactor, and radioactive source experiments, as well as atmospheric and solar neutrinos. We discuss the hints for eV-scale neutrinos from nu_e disappearance (reactor and Gallium anomalies) and nu_mu to nu_e appearance (LSND and MiniBooNE) searches, and we present constraints on sterile neutrino mixing from nu_mu and neutral-current disappearance data. An explanation of all hints in terms of oscillations suffers from severe tension between appearance and disappearance data.
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Global fit to three neutrino mixing
We present an up-to-date global analysis of solar, atmospheric, reactor, and accelerator neutrino data in the framework of three-neutrino oscillations. We provide results on the determination of theta13 from global data and discuss the dependence on the choice of reactor fluxes. We study in detail the statistical significance of a possible deviation of theta23 from maximal mixing, the determination of its octant, the ordering of the mass states, and the sensitivity to the CP violating phase, and discuss the role of various complementary data sets in those respects.
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Overview of ATLAS results
An overview of some of the most recent results form ATLAS is given, with special emphasis on results related to searches for new exotic phenomena, supersymmetric and dark matter
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Isotropy and Gaussianity of the CMB
The two fundamental assumptions of the standard cosmological model—that the initial fluctuations are statistically isotropic and Gaussian—are rigorously tested using maps of the CMB anisotropy from the Planck satellite. Deviations from isotropy have been found and demonstrated to be robust against component separation algorithm, mask and frequency dependence. Many of these anomalies were previously observed in the WMAP data, and are now confirmed at similar levels of significance (around 3 sigma). However, we find little evidence for non-Gaussianity with the exception of a few statistical signatures that seem to be associated with specific anomalies. Finally, it is plausible that some of these features may be reflected in the angular power spectrum of the data which shows a deficit of power on the same scales.
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Neutrino properties from cosmological measurements
Neutrino masses and abundances leave key signatures in the different cosmological observables. We shall summarize the impact of neutrino properties on the Cosmic Microwave Background, on the large scale structure clustering and on the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis primordial element abundances. We shall present as well the most recent cosmological bounds and future prospects from planned surveys.
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Fermi experiment and the future of particle physics in space
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SUSY Hybrid Inflation with a light scalar
Light scalar fields present during inflation can lead to interesting observable signatures, especially in models with non-equilibrium reheating dynamics. We study a supersymmetric hybrid inflation model with a third scalar whose lightness is protected by symmetry, using analytical and numerical techniques, and demonstrate that the amplitude, the spectral index and the non-Gaussianity parameter fNL of the primordial curvature perturbation are within the Planck observational bounds for suitable parameter values.
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Direct Dark Matter Search with the XENON program
The XENON program aims at the direct detection of dark matter in the form of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). A two-phase time projection chamber filled with ultra pure liquid xenon (LXe) is used for detecting nuclear recoils from WIMPs scattering off the Xe nuclei. The XENON100 experiment is the second phase of the XENON program. It has a total mass of 161 kg of LXe, with a sensitive volume of 62 kg and 99 kg active veto. Results from 224.6 live days of XENON100 data are presented, where no evidence for dark matter is found. The most stringent limits are established on the spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross section (2x10−45 cm2 for a 55 GeV/c2 WIMP) and on the spin-dependent WIMP-neutron interaction (3.5x10−40 cm2 for a 45 GeV/c2 WIMP). The XENON program is moving to the ton scale with the XENON1T experiment, currently under construction. XENON1T will contain about 3 tons of LXe (1.1 ton active volume) and will improve the current sensitivity by two orders of magnitude.
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The SuperNova Legacy Survey
Since the mid 1990s, type Ia supernovae have been used to measure the cosmological parameters. I will present the latest cosmological constraints obtained by the Supernova Legacy Survey (SNLS), a 5 year project aiming at measuring the Dark Energy equation of state. These results are based on the measurement of distances to 250 high redshift type Ia supernovae discovered during the first 3-year of the project. Great care was taken to handle possible systematic uncertainties arising from various sources such as photometric calibration and the modeling of SN light-curves shape and color. I will describe the methods used to extract the relevant quantities and to derive today's most precise constraints on the Dark Energy equation of state parameter, w.
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Results from BOSS
I will present the latest results from galaxy clustering in the BOSS, followed by a look ahead to future galaxy clustering projects including eBOSS, DESI and Euclid.
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Recent results from IceCube
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the South Pole is the world's largest neutrino telescope. Covering a wide range of neutrino energies, from 10s of GeV to PeV, its physics program is extremely rich. IceCube has recently published the first evidence of a diffuse flux of high-energy neutrinos of extraterrestrial origin with energies between about 30 TeV and a PeV. I will summarize the status of searches for high-energy neutrinos as well as searches for dark matter. I will describe the role of DeepCore in lowering the energy threshold of the detector and converting IceCube an all-sky instrument, as well as making it suitable for neutrino oscillation studies. Plans for a future detector inside the DeepCore volume with an energy threshold of a few GeV, PINGU, aimed at high statistics precise oscillation measurements, will be presented.
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Measuring Dark Energy using the Lyman-alpha forest with WEAVE
I will discuss an emerging method for measuring dark energy at high redshift (2
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The search for B-modes and the QUIJOTE experiment
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The JEM-EUSO Space Mission & The EUSO-BALLOON (CNES) Pathfinder
M. D. Rodriguez Frias for the JEM-EUSO Collaboration. JEM-EUSO is the Extreme Universe Space Observatory (EUSO) onboard the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) for the observation of the most energetic particles never detected so far. An updated overview of the current international status of the JEM-EUSO Space Mission will be reviewed. The EUSO-BALLOON project of the French Space Agency (CNES) is a pathfinder of the JEM-EUSO Space Mission. EUSO-BALLOON has successfully achieved Phase C in December 2012 and is presently running full steem into AIV to be launched from Timmings (Canada) by 2014 . Moreover the Infrared Camera is the Spanish contribution to the EUSO-BALLOON pathfinder and is funded by Consolider MULTIDARK (MINECO).
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Supersymmetry and Dark Matter After LHC8TeV, Planck and Xenon100
I will discuss the impact of LHC8TeV data on some popular supersymmetric models, unified as well as phenomenological. In particular, I will emphasize the critical role played by the Higgs mass and other properties, in addition to constraints on neutralino dark matter density. I will present ensuing implications for prospects of SUSY discovery at the next run of the LHC and in dark matter searches, both direct and indirect.
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Recent long base line neutrino oscillations and the path to the future
After an extraordinary decade of experimental development, all neutrino mixing angles, but the imaginary phase, have been measured with precision comparable to the quark sector. The unexpected recent results have changed the vision of the future of the field and it is forcing the redefinition of the next goals. The latest results from the long base line neutrino experiments (T2K and MINOS) will be presented emphasising the complementarity to other techniques like reactor neutrino and neutrino experiments (Nova, INO). The potential and synergies of running experiments to determine the missing CP phase and neutrino mass hierarchy will be discussed together with the implications on future projects.
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The SPT cluster survey and its cosmological implications
The 10-meter South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a millimeter wavelength telescope designed to conduct sensitive measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at arc-minute resolution. The SPT has successfully conducted a 2500 square degree survey to find clusters of galaxies from their distortion of the CMB, known as the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect. The surface brightness of the SZ effect is redshift independent which allows a SZ survey to provide a nearly mass limited cluster sample out to the earliest epochs of cluster formation. The SPT has identified ~700 of cluster candidates. Of these, ~500 have been optically confirmed, with the majority being newly discovered clusters at z > 0.5. I will summarize the main results from the SPT cluster survey, including cosmological constraints from their measurement of the growth of structure.
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The ANAIS dark matter search at Canfranc Underground Laboratory
The ANAIS (Annual Modulation with NaI(Tl) Scintillators) experiment aims at the confirmation of the DAMA/LIBRA signal using the same target and technique at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC). 250 kg of ultrapure NaI(Tl) crystals will be used as target, using two high efficiency photomultipliers per module. The ANAIS-25 set-up is presently taking data at the LSC. This set-up consists of two prototypes, 12.5 kg mass each, grown from a powder having a potassium level under the limit of our analytical techniques: 25 kg NaI(Tl) target in total. Preliminary results will be presented, as well as the overall status of the project.
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GERDA result on neutrinoless double beta decay
GERDA is searching for neutrinoless double beta decay of Ge-76. Using the data from a first phase, a lower half life limit of 2.1xE25 yr (90% C.L.) was recently published. This result is inconsistent with the claim for a signal for Ge-76 by part of the Heidelberg-Moscow collaboration. As a consequence, the motivation to improve the sensitivity and to explore the effective neutrino mass range of the inverted hierarchy has grown. Many projects using different isotopes and methods are discussed. The talk discusses the GERDA result and gives an overview over this field of research.
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Latest results from Gravitational Wave Interferometers
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Modelling a Phase Transition in Quantum Einstein Gravity
The original dynamical triangulation formulation of quantum Einstein gravity at fixed volume exhibits a well-known (most likely 1st order) phase transition between strong and weak coupling. Recently a continuum interpretation was proposed in which the average curvature flips from negative to positive at the transition. Here we describe a model entirely in the continuum, guided by the one-loop effective action, and by the nature of the spacetimes found in dynamical triangulation.
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Constraints on primordial black holes as dark matter candidates
Primordial black holes (PBH) with masses in the range 10^16 g - 10^23 g are poorly constrained, and in a large part of this range are still not excluded as the DM candidates. We consider capture of such black holes by compact stars (neutron stars and white dwarfs) during their formation and lifetime. A capture of even a single PBH would lead to a rapid destruction of the star. Thus, requiring that the probability of capture is much less than one during the whole star history, one may put constraints on the PBH abundance at the star location. With the additional assumption about the DM content of the cores of the globular clusters, one may exclude PBHs as the only DM component in almost all of the above mass range, leaving open only a small window of about an order of magnitude.
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A cosmic skeleton from fluid dynamics
We propose a subcomponent to standard Cold Dark Matter, which we dub Irrotational Dark Matter. Showing no vorticity, this type of matter collapses into filaments and black holes at the joints of the filaments, much faster than ordinary CDM does. This provides a solution to the otherwise inexplicable observed super massive black holes at high redshift. I will show how we describe this matter in an effective field theory, which remains valid up to very high energy scales. Then I will make a link between this matter, which has a tiny sound speed, and the phenomenological "adhesion model", which is an extension to the Zel'dovich approximation, and show some of the phenomenology of this Irrotational Dark Matter.
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Scalar field evolution in a homogeneous universe
Scalar fields play a special dynamical role in the cosmology of a homogeneous FLRW universe. I will discuss general features of the evolution of scalar fields and the universes driven by them, and illustrate these by specific examples. The role of critical points, where the scalar field is stationary, is emphasized and their classification and interpretation as stable or unstable end points, or turning points is explained.
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A new Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray puzzle emerging from the Pierre Auger observatory data
The experimental Ultra High Energy Cosmic Ray picture in the 1990s presented a challenge highlighted by the absence of the end of the cosmic ray spectrum predicted by Greisen, Zatsepin and Kuzmin (the GZK cutoff) expected in the prevailing paradigm that attributed UHECR to extragalactic sources of cosmic ray protons. The puzzling results demanded new and precise observations to constrain the myriad of theoretical interpretations while suggesting opportunities for discovery. In the last decade we have witnessed major advances in the field, most notably the clear establishment of the GZK cutoff. The Pierre Auger observatory, the largest and most precise UHECR observatory, has played a crucial role in them. The results of the observatory including studies of anisotropies, composition, competitive searches for photons and neutrinos and results related to particle physics will be reviewed. The emerging picture from the observatory data is challenging particularly regarding primary composition not dominated by protons and in apparent contradiction to results from other observations in the northern hemisphere. A new puzzle is emerging that shapes the next objectives for the field and demands enhancements for the observatory to meet them.
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Islands of Stability beyond the Land of Horndeski
I will present scalar-tensor theories featuring derivative couplings to matter of both the conformal and disformal type, which have second order field equations and hence represent a genuine extension of the Horndeski Lagrangian. The study of the Jacobian for the metric transformation between the Einstein and Jordan frames allows one to determine certain viability conditions on the form of the metric, related with the existence of such transformation. Although the Jordan-frame version of the theory does not belong to the Horndeski Lagrangian, projecting the metric equations along the eigenvector of the Jacobian allows one to write down dynamical equations with only second or lower derivatives. This feature signals a loophole in Horndeski's Theorem and enlarges the set of (potentially) viable scalar-tensor theories.
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© 2012-2013 Institute for Theoretical Physics UAM - CSIC
© 2012-2013 Institute for Theoretical Physics UAM - CSIC